The origin of the microscope occurred since the ancients knew that looking through curved mirrors or glass spheres with water, they made see small things with magnification .That is when the first decades of the seventeenth century began to perform tests with lenses to obtain a greater magnification of the objects.For this they relied on the first instrument made with lenses that had a great success “the telescope ”used for the first time in astronomical purposes by Galileo in the year 1609.
At the beginning of the 20th century, its manufacturing was mainly concentrated in Germany and in the following years the phase contrast developed , fluorescence, holography, interference, X-rays , ultraviolet light, methods with electrons and protons.Computer microscopes were also developed for quantification, quantification and three-dimensional analysis, these instruments opened many fields in the area of microscopy. From the year 1660 until today the optical microscope has been the fundamental pillar for the study of the invisible, although its resolution increased over time with the improvement of quality of the lenses as well as their magnification power.
In 1930 the submicroscopic world was enlarged with the creation of the electron microscope whose main difference to the optical microscope is 1000 times magnification more in the magnification phase of the material observed, accompanied by a better resolution capacity generating this better definition and expansion in the microscopic world.
There are two types of microscopes Basic electronics were both invented at the same time but they perform different functions, these are:
- Transmission electron microscope (MET): this is responsible for projecting electrons through a thin layer of material or tissue to obs ervar reflecting an image on a phosphorescent screen.
- Scanning electron microscope (MEB): This produces an image that gives an impression of being in three dimensions.This microscope uses three or two points where the electrons of the sample arrive that scan the surface of the specimen to be observed.
Most of the pioneers of electron microscopy in biology are still alive and the most important are: Albert Claude , Earnest Fullam, Don Fawcett, Charles Leblond, John Luft, Daniel Pease, Keith Porter and George Palade.
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