The notion of hematosis comes from the Greek word haimatōsis .The term refers to the process that allows to oxygenate the blood .
Through hematosis, a gaseous exchange develops between the blood of the living being and the external environment that allows the expulsion of carbon dioxide and the fixation of oxygen through respiration.The characteristics of this procedure depend on each species.
In mammals as the human being , hematosis is pulmonary .The exchange takes place between the alveoli and the blood capillaries : due to the difference in concentration, the oxygen in the alveolar air passes into the blood, where it joins the hemoglobin present in the red blood cells and reaches the body's cells.Carbon dioxide from the blood, in turn, enters the alveoli and is then removed.
It is important to note that hematosis is essential for breathing .Oxygen that is inhaled moves from the pulmonary alveoli to the blood through the capillaries, while the carbon dioxide from the blood in the capillaries passes into the air of the alveoli and is exhaled.If a balance is achieved: a high amount of carbon dioxide or oxygen is toxic.
In the case of fish , mollusks and other aquatic species, hematosis occurs in the gills . insects , meanwhile, perform hematosis via the tracheal tubes .Other organisms, such as some worms , resort to the cutaneous hematosis .Even there are animals that develop a main hematosis and another complementary hematosis, using two mechanisms.
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